Work by researchers in Hong Kong finds that reinfection may be possible in rare cases. (2020, August 24). The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/24/world/covid-19-coronavirus.html#link-4b468050 REACTIVATION OR RE-INFECTION
• Galanti M, Shaman J. (2020) Direct Observation of Repeated Infections With Endemic Coronaviruses [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 7]. J Infect Dis. 2020;jiaa392. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa392
• Huang, J. et al., (2020). Recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity in COVID-19 patients: a single center experience and potential implications. medRxiv 2020.05.06.20089573; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.20089573
This article is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed • Roe, K. (2020). Explanation for COVID‐19 infection neurological damage and reactivations. Transbound Emerg Dis. doi:
10.1111/tbed.13594 · Kirkcaldy RD, King BA, Brooks JT. (2020). COVID-19 and Postinfection Immunity: Limited Evidence, Many Remaining Questions. JAMA. Published online May 11, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.7869
· Long, Q., Tang, X., Shi, Q. et al. (2020). Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat Med. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0965-6
RECOVERY? SEQUELAE & POST-VIRAL SYNDROME - Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)-like illness • Davido, B., Seang, S., Tubiana, R., & de Truchis, P. (2020). Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a post-infectious entity? Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, S1198-743X(20)30436-5.
• Perrin, R., Riste, L., Hann, M., Walther, A., Mukherjee, A., & Heald, A. (2020). Into the looking glass: Post-viral syndrome post COVID-19. Medical Hypotheses, 144, 110055.
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LASTING IMMUNOLOGICAL IMPACTS · Zheng, M., Gao, Y., Wang, G. et al. (2020). Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients. Cell Mol Immunol 17, 533–535. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0402-2
· Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I, (2020). Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(7):834-847. doi:10.1002/ajh.25829
o COVID-19 is a systemic infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis. Lymphopenia may be considered as a cardinal laboratory finding, with prognostic potential.
HEART DAMAGE • Puntmann VO, Carerj ML, Wieters I, et al. (2020). Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. Published online July 27, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3557
• Zachary D Demertzis, Carina Dagher, Kelly M Malette, Raef A Fadel, Patrick B Bradley, Indira Brar, Bobak T Rabbani, Geehan Suleyman (2020). Cardiac sequelae of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical case series. European Heart Journal - Case Reports, , ytaa179,
https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa179 • Lindner D, Fitzek A, Bräuninger H, et al. (2020). Association of Cardiac Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in Confirmed COVID-19 Autopsy Cases. JAMA Cardiol. Published online July 27, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3551
NEUROLOGY · Wu, Y., Xu, X., Chen, Z., Duan, J., Hashimoto, K., Yang, L., Liu, C., & Yang, C. (2020). Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 18–22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031 oViral infections have detrimental impacts on neurological functions, and even to cause severe neurological damage. Very recently, coronaviruses (CoV), especially severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibit neurotropic properties and may also cause neurological diseases. It is reported that CoV can be found in the brain or cerebrospinal fluid. The pathobiology of these neuroinvasive viruses is still incompletely known, and it is therefore important to explore the impact of CoV infections on the nervous system. Here, we review the research into neurological complications in CoV infections and the possible mechanisms of damage to the nervous system.
· Koralnik, I.J. & Tyler, K.L. (2020), COVID ‐19: A Global Threat to the Nervous System. Ann Neurol, 88: 1-11. doi:
10.1002/ana.25807 o …we now understand that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) also involves multiple other organs, including the central and peripheral nervous system. The number of recognized neurologic manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is rapidly accumulating. These may result from a variety of mechanisms, including virus‐induced hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable states, direct virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS), and postinfectious immune mediated processes. Example of COVID‐19 CNS disease include encephalopathy, encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, meningitis, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, venous sinus thrombosis, and endothelialitis. In the peripheral nervous system, COVID‐19 is associated with dysfunction of smell and taste, muscle injury, the Guillain‐Barre syndrome, and its variants. Due to its worldwide distribution and multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms, COVID‐19 poses a global threat to the entire nervous system. COVID‐19. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1–11 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1–11