Long-Term Outcomes after Phthalate Exposure: Food Intake, Weight Gain, Fat Storage, and Fertility in Mice by Wendee Holtcamp Environmental Health Perspectives
http://ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/fetchArticle.action?articleURI=info%3Adoi%2F10.1289%2Fehp.120-a320a
[Abstract] Exposure to endocrine-disrupting
chemicals (EDCs), particularly in utero, is suspected to contribute to
obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and reproductive abnormalities.
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer found in cosmetics, fragrances,
food packaging, and polyvinyl chloride, is one such EDC.
Human studies have
found associations between urinary metabolites of DEHP and other phthalates and
increased body mass in humans, and maternal exposure to DEHP has been associated
with impaired gonadal development and fertility in baby boys.
However, much less
is known about potential effects of DEHP on female health.
In a two-part
investigation, researchers documented weight and fertility changes in female
mice exposed to DEHP, and then documented how exposure in utero and
during lactation affected their offspring [EHP 120(8):1123–1129; Schmidt
et al.].
In the first study, adult female mice
were given diets formulated to deliver one of three levels of DEHP (0.05, 5, or
500 mg/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. The lowest level was comparable to the
tolerable daily intake for humans issued by the World Health Organization in
2003.
Although outwardly healthy, dams fed all three levels of DEHP had
significantly increased food intake, body weight, and visceral fat compared with
controls.
All treatment groups also showed increased gene expression of the
hormone leptin (consistent with the animals’ increased visceral fat) and
decreased expression of adiponectin (which may suggest potential effects on
insulin sensitivity)....
....In the second study, the
investigators found that DEHP-exposed pups of both sexes had higher body weight
at weaning than nonexposed pups. Higher body weight persisted 9 weeks after
exposure ceased, and fat storage was significantly higher in female adult pups
in a dose-dependent manner.
These findings were surprising because DEHP is
rapidly metabolized and excreted, yet the results suggest a lingering effect of
in utero exposure to DEHP on body weight and fat tissue formation.
At the highest DEHP exposure, a dose
unlikely to be found in the environment, all dams experienced 100% spontaneous
abortion. Surviving, lesser-exposed offspring were placed on a standard diet at
weaning, and female offspring were mated to unexposed males.
Although the total
number of embryos was not reduced in pregnant females exposed to DEHP in
utero, the investigators did find that 28% of the dams’ blastocysts were not
viable in the low-dose group and 29% were not viable in the middle-dose group,
compared with just 8% in controls. However, the difference was not statistically
significant.
http://www.chemicalbodyburden.org/cs_phthalate.htm
Unfortunately phthalates are commonly found in cosmetics and are ubiquitous in our blood.
The EU banned them from children's toys in 2005
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/05/838
The EU banned them from cosmetics in 2003
The EU passed a ban on 6 phthalates in 2011 http://www.mnn.com/family/family-activities/blogs/eu-bans-toxic-phthalates-and-other-chemicals
Why wont the FDA ban them?
I'll tell you why.
The FDA is a corrupt organization that spies on its whiste-blowing employees and protects big pharma and chemical companies at the expense of American citizens.
See my post here for sources and a more detailed explanation
http://majiasblog.blogspot.com/2012/02/madness-institutionalized-at-fda.html
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