Monday, August 10, 2020

Plutonium from Fukushima


Particulate plutonium was released from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011:

EitaroKuriharaa et al. (2020, November). Particulate plutonium released from the Fukushima Daiichi meltdowns. Science of The Total Environment, 743(15). November 2020, 140539
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140539

Traces of Pu have been detected in material released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in March of 2011; however, to date the physical and chemical form of the Pu have remained unknown. Here we report the discovery of particulate Pu associated with cesium-rich microparticles (CsMPs) that formed in and were released from the reactors during the FDNPP meltdowns. 

The Cs-pollucite-based CsMP contained discrete U(IV)O2 nanoparticles, <~10 nm, one of which is enriched in Pu adjacent to fragments of Zr-cladding. The isotope ratios, 235U/238U, 240Pu/239Pu, and 242Pu/239Pu, of the CsMPs were determined to be ~0.0193, ~0.347, and ~0.065, respectively, which are consistent with the calculated isotopic ratios of irradiated-fuel fragments. 

Thus, considering the regional distribution of CsMPs, the long-distance dispersion of Pu from FNDPP is attributed to the transport by CsMPs that have incorporated nanoscale fuel fragments prior to their dispersion up to 230 km away from the Fukushima Daiichi reactor site.

The effects of plutonium on populations have been well studied. They are terrible:

But plutonium from Fukushima is not new news.

There was evidence early on that plutonium had been dispersed in the unit 3 explosion. For example, here is a news report from 2012.

Amina Khan (of the Los Angeles Times). (March 8, 2012). Plutonium near Fukushima plant poses little risk, study says Published: Thursday, March 8, 2012 http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20120308/NEWS02/703089849 

The levels of radioactive plutonium around Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant aren't much higher than the amount of plutonium remaining in the environment from Cold War-era nuclear weapons tests, and it probably poses little threat to humans, a new study indicates. 
The paper, published Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports, provides the first definitive evidence of plutonium from the accident entering the environment, the authors say. It examines the area within a roughly 20-mile radius of the plant and details the concentration of plutonium isotopes deposited there after explosions ripped open multiple reactors. 
At the three sites examined, the levels for certain isotope ratios were about double those attributed to residual fallout from above-ground nuclear tests conducted by the U.S. and former Soviet Union at the dawn of the Cold War.... 
Robert Alvarez, who has served as a senior policy adviser in the U.S. Energy Department, said he would have been surprised if researchers had not found evidence of plutonium contamination near the plant. "They were irradiating plutonium in Unit 3, which experienced the biggest explosion," he said. In fact, the explosion was so massive that investigators found fuel rod fragments a mile away, leading to speculation that a supercritical fission event may have also occurred, Alvarez said.
The article is referring to a study by Zheng et al. Here is my synopsis of the study's findings:

A study released in Scientific Reports published by Nature titled ‘Isotopic evidence of plutonium release into the environment from the Fukushima DNPP accident’ by Zheng et al found that a wide array of highly volatile fission products were released, including 129mTe, 131I, 134Cs, 136Cs and 137Cs, which were all found to be ‘widely distributed in Fukushima and its adjacent prefectures in eastern Japan.’[i]

The study also found evidence of actinides, particularly Pu isotopes, on the ground northwest and south of the Fukushima DNPP in the 20–30 km zones. The study called for long-term investigation of Pu and 241Am dose estimates because of findings of ‘high activity ratio of 241Pu/239+240Pu (> 100) from the Fukushima DNPP accident.’

The study concluded that in comparison to Chernobyl, the Fukushima accident ‘had a slightly higher 241Pu/239Pu atom ratio, but lower ratio of 240Pu/239Pu.’ Unit 3 was seen as the likely source for the high Pu detections.

[i] J. Zheng, K. Tagami, Y. Watanabe, S. Uchida, T. Aono, N. Ishii, S. Yoshida, Y. Kubota, S. Fuma and S. Ihara (8 March 2012 ) ‘Isotopic Evidence of Plutonium Release into the Environment from the Fukushima DNPP Accident,’ Scientific Reports, 2, http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120308/srep00304/full/srep00304.html.

 

14 comments:

  1. Multiple bomb detonations on their own people, to test them. They fracked narural gas with nuke bombs, all over the USA, that is too radioactive to use, Permanently. They have to leave it in the ground. It is so radioactive, to this day, that if you were in a room with some ofit it, it would kill you in a short time. The radioacive gas, seeping into rivers and aquifers.
     
    Nuclear bombs, go hand-in-hand w nuclear power. There have been multiple reactor explosions and, accidents for 75 years since Hiroshima. Please do not applaud the trinity bomb or Hiroshima. It was a dirty bomb, atrocity. It was the beginning, of the insidious WW3 nuke war on the world.  Trinity was the beginning of the great war of humanity on itsef. The Bomb, the radionucide suicide, the waste. the reactors. Fukushima is the worst nuclear accident possible. It heavily contaminated the world..  

    In fact, they thought trinity might catch the atmosphere on fire. It has, is in a way, with the radioactive krypton, from nuclear  blasts, contributing to ozone holes in the atmosphere.

    I know some people are enamored with the bomb, the brain-washing, the military industrial complex, the corporations and oil companies, that are all intertwined . 
    The billionaires ond oligarchs, in these filthy polluted, nuclear polluted and nuclear, unsustainable societies, that we call first world, developed economies. The imperialism, the greed.

    Hiroshima was the beginning of Nuclear World War 3, on all life on earth. Radionuclides that are so toxic. The Omega poisons. Radionuclides are intrinsically omnicidal, to all life and genomes  on the planet and incompatible with our very biochemical and biological essense.

    Probably, a billion people have died since it started. Perhaps our genome is too damaged, for us to continue already Detonating nuclear bombs on us. Killing maiming and causing, long term genetic damage to peoples in the middle east and Serbia, with depeleted uranium nuclear warfare.

    Multiple bomb detonations, on their own people to test them. They fracked narural gas with nuke bombs, all over the USA, that is too radioactive to use and burn. They have to leave it in the ground. It is so radioactive, to this day, that if you were in a room with some ofit it, it would kill you in a short time. The radioacive gas, seeping into rivers and aquifers.
     
    Nuclear bombs go hand-in-hand with nuclear power.There have been multiple reactor explosions and, accidents for 75 years since Hiroshima. Please do not applaud the Trinity bomb or Hiroshima. It was a dirty bomb atrocity. It was the beginning of the insidious WW3 nuke war on the world.  Trinity was the beginning of the greateat war, of humanity on itsef. The Bomb, the radionuclide suicide, the waste. the reactors. Fukushima is the worst nuclear accident  possible. It heavily contaminated the world..   In fact they thought Trinity might catch the atmosphere on fire. It is in a way, with the radioactive krypton from nuclear blasts, contributing to ozone holes in the atmosphere.

    10s of millions of tons of the most toxic
    radionucide garbage and death material released on the northern hemisphere and more. Every atom, of a high energy-emitting, radionuclide will catalyze a billion exothermic reactions in the biosphere.

    Most Radionuclides are pyrophoric. High energy radioclides like strontium 90, cobalt 60 and cesium 137 cause heat decay.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Alpha and beta emitters, massively destroy procariotic and eucariotic fungal organisms that help maintain microscopic and macroscopic thermal regulation of large swaths of the biosphere. How can anyone say that the massive nuclear pollution, of the northern biosphere is not effecting the biosphere radicallyin a place like the arctic whete there is so much of it?

      Radioactive gasses from bombs and reactors is in the biosphere now.  Krypton is in the atmosphere. Krypton propagates free-radical reactions. Depleting ozone.

      There are large amounts of the high pyrophoricity and extreme toxicity from plutonium and uranium in the world.

      The radioactive fall-out spread quickly and “unexpectedly” is what they said when they detonated the boomb at Trinity.. The official history claims “the wind changed suddenly”. It was the first of many lies, as declassified documents and the victims’ testimony reveal.

      Trinity  was a dirty bomb

      The horrific events — the initial Trinity test in Alamogordo, the “Little Boy” bombing of Hiroshima and  the “Fat Man” plutonium bombing of Nagasaki — is that, incredibly, in a world where nine nations possess a total of nearly 14,000 nuclear weapons. They have poisoned the earth, making and testing them. Poisoned the earth with the reactors and their byproducts.

      There are wild fires encircling the earth now. Perennial wild fires every year now by Fukushima and  Chernobyl,. Wild fires caused by pyrophoric radionuclides in nuclear sacrifice zones and reserves like INL with 50 reactors and thousands of tons of waste. A 900,000 acre wild-fire at INL last years.

      Ten's of millions of tons, of the most lethal, mutagenic and carcinogenic waste, Gamma emmitors, uranium. cesium, polonium that can kill in millionths of a gram.  The most poisonous elements, in the universe. They are  everywhere. Genomes damages so badly, in Belarus from Chernobyl.. in Nevada. In Mayak cesium 137 and more from fukushima: plutonium radiodine, cesium, cobalt60, strontium90.

      There are the depleted uranium nuclear wars, in the middle east and Serbia. 
      A whole city of birth defets and cancer from it, in fallujah , Iraq.

      A billion people dead, from zygotes killed, birth defects, chernobyl heart, spontaneous abortions, radiation poisonings  and cancer from these evil gamma, beta, alpha heavy metal poisons.

      The evil devils continue to lie about it.

      Our life support , is about ready to be done in, by the worst nuclear pollution in our aquifers our food, our air..

      Some stupid people, say we should be thankful for hiroshima,  They say , "There have been no wars or nuke wars since then!"

      These dummies and greedy fools,  will not acknowledge the slow murderous, nuclear ww3 going on, that has insidiously murdered and, killed  so many. It has  destroyed swaths of life and will destroy all life and genomes . The omnicidal con-men, evil monkeys, are dead set on nuke war anyway. 

      There is so much nuclear fallout and nuclear puke and pollution, in the biosphere , from the slow nuke war and, nuke insanity, there will be no hope for any life on earth, soon.

      So please do not applaud the evil morons, who say we should thank, the nuke ape monsters who, did Hiroshima and prevented ww3, because they did not. They have made things far worse, than most people can imagine! Donald trump has broken all nuke treaties. Caused the russians to detonate a nuke bomb. He has heavily increased nuclear spending and, brought us closer to nuclear warl than ever before . The other imperialist  party, at this point will probably continue the nuclear insanity but, not as critically  and recklessly.

      Delete
    2. Glen Campbell
      TRY A LITTLE KINDNESS
      If you see your brother standing by the road
      With a heavy load from the seeds he's sowed
      And if you see your sister falling by the way
      Just stop and say, you're going the wrong way
      You got to try a little kindness
      Yes show a little kindness
      Just shine your light for everyone to see
      And if you try a little kindness
      Then you'll overlook the blindness
      Of narrow-minded people on the narrow-minded streets
      Don't walk around the down and out
      Lend a helping hand instead of doubt
      And the kindness that you show every day
      Will help someone along their way
      You got to try a little kindness
      Yes show a little kindness
      Just shine your light for everyone to see
      And if you try a little kindness
      Then you'll overlook the blindness
      Of narrow-minded people on the narrow-minded streets
      You got to try a little kindness
      Yes show a little kindness
      Just shine your light for everyone to see
      And if you try a little kindness
      Then you'll overlook the blindness
      Of narrow-minded people on the narrow-minded streets

      Delete
  2. https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/511360-nikki-haley-trolled-over-complaints-about-the-popcorn-factory

    ReplyDelete
  3. https://www.opednews.com/articles/Trump-attacks-key-programs-by-Dave-Lindorff-Attack-On-Entitlements_Social-Safety-Net_Social-Security-Funded_Trump-Tax-cut-Scam-200810-451.html

    ReplyDelete
  4. It started before Trump with the cia the nsa the patriot act, but he is the great executioner. The final boogaloo boy.

    . https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7753-cosmic-rays-may-prevent-long-haul-space-travel/

    COSMIC RAYS MAY PREVENT LONG TERM SPACE TRAVEL.

    Again and again you see horror stories of eye elongation, heart abnormalities and other serious sequelea from astronauts being on the space station too long. It is from cosmic radiation and lack of gravity. Each space shot irreveraibly contaminates the atmosphere with ultrapoisonous beryllium, nitrates, hcs, boron. Do i here anyone wanting to buy some swampland in florida. One of the greatest hoaxes ever perpetuated. And now the oligarchs want all the action.

    They already have the 99 percent by the gonads with the smart phone , lithium, rareearth minerals and mass surveilance economy but, they have to juice it with science fantasy fairytales to funnel more money to them.

    20 thousand satellites for dangerous dense concetrated microwaves on everyone. More radioactive space junk and beat up mini nuclear reactors in space bumping thold ones their out of orbit. The same tied old techno propaganda andlies bombard us, numb out our minds and distract us from reality.
    https://www.chron.com/opinion/article/Data-isn-t-just-being-collected-from-your-phone-15449776.php

    Sicicon valley makes most of its money now collecting personal data and selling it.
    It ends up being usedn who gets housing, who gets food, who gets shot, who gets healthcare, whobgoes into the private prisons and concentration camps to be slave labors. who dies fistt there . How quickly Th DHS can take u out as an enemy of the state.
    The ultimate neofuedal totalitarian nightmare, where we gleefully, cheer on our own sad race to hell.


    Welcome to the almost realized and consolidated totalitarian-neofeudal state.
    Few people stand a chance in it.

    There is about to be a massive flood of eviction and foreclosure and eviction of Millions.

    The cops also have massive data-bases using AI to tell cops who to shoot and who to arrest and ruin derived and simultaneously calculated in running algroriths and databases sold by silicon valley and palantine. They can refuse foia requsts on the things the keep on people based on national security. If you say anything about it you will be branded as crazy.

    The nsa, cia, fbi, dea dhs concurently runs AI profiling for enemies of the state now embellished by the vicious whims of the evil madman in power. It feeds off the other two databases that say who gets shelter , who gets medical attention, who gets shot by the cops, who goes into the system and becomes slave labor, who gets snatched off the street and tortured to death in guantanamo style concentration camps . The final solution. 2.7 million inmates and rising.
    And you wondered why 5g, with all those satellites that are making the coup-king elon musk more rich are so important. There are so many of them twhy are slamming our nuclear mistakes and bumping nuclear space junk into our atmosphere.
    Most intellectuals know the world cannot take four years of this madman but the deranged psychos and murderers and religious pysychos support this demented evil thing with open arms

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Art and nuclear

      https://www.huckmag.com/perspectives/activism-2/anti-nuclear-protest-art-will-stop-tracks

      Delete
    2. TheScottCharles/status/1293381576999477253
      native kids but their lives do not matter

      Delete
  5. Woe is us. Time to practice the fetal position and construct a suitable womb shaped room for the final seconds of conscious life that may be granted us by impersonal and insentient Nature.

    How we as a species survived all the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune is a deep mystery that baffles even the wise and very intellectual caste that inhabits academia.

    If you manage to pass through this life with only a few scars, how lucky.

    ReplyDelete
  6. Yes the apogee of human ascension. The final solution

    https://www.rawstory.com/2020/08/trump-loving-gop-candidate-rushes-to-delete-vacation-pics-at-hitlers-favorite-retreat/amp/

    ReplyDelete
  7. Americans have become society of wimps
    https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/08/10/how-did-americans-become-such-wimps

    ReplyDelete
  8. https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7753-cosmic-rays-may-prevent-long-haul-space-travel/

    COSMIC RAYS MAY PREVENT LONG TERM SPACE TRAVEL.

    Again and again, you see horror stories of eye elongation, heart abnormalities and other serious sequelea, from astronauts being on the International space-station, too long. It is from  cosmic radiation and lack of gravity. Each space shot, irreversibly contaminates the atmosphere with ultrapoisonous beryllium, nitrates, hcs, boron, perchlorates and, plutonium decay heat electrical generating batteries. Do I hear anyone wanting to buy some beach-front property, in Florida? One of the greatest hoaxes ever perpetuated. And now, the oligarchs want all the action. Elon Musk, Bezos the silicon valley crowd, that sells your personal information, are perpetuating, the Great Mars colonization, with wild abandon!

    They control the world, with the smart phones , lithium, rare-earth minerals and mass surveillance economy but, they have to juice it with science fantasy fairytales, to funnel more money to them.

    20 thousand satellites for dangerous dense-concetrated microwaves on everyone, from 5G. More radioactive space junk and, beat up mini-nuclear reactors in space, that are bumping the old ones their out of orbit into the atmosphere. The same tired-old techno- propaganda and lies, bombard us, numb out our mind's and distract us, from reality and, irreversibly damage  our beautiful planet.

    https://www.chron.com/opinion/article/Data-isn-t-just-being-collected-from-your-phone-15449776.php

    Silicon valley, makes most of its money now, collecting personal data and selling it. To the NSA, and DHS in the name of national security. To credit bureaus. To creepy private personal rating-companies, like Intellius. To police angencies, that collect facebook data. To big managed apartment complexes  and,  Mortgage brokers, to lending agencies.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. To employers and potential future employers.
      It ends up being used, to determine who gets housing, jobs, who gets food, who gets to vote, who gets healthcare, who goes into  jail. It may soon be used by Trump  to decide, How quickly The DHS can take u out as an enemy of the state. Our police are also largely militarized in this day and age. They get assault vehicles, computer algoriths, military protective equipment and training from the military in our government, especially in the cities.

      The ultimate neofuedal-totalitarian nightmare, where we gleefully,  cheer on our own sad downward, road.

      Welcome, to the almost realized and consolidated totalitarian-neofeudal state.
      Few people stand a chance in it, in the present economy and circumstances

      There is about to be a massive, flood of eviction and foreclosure of Millions.

      The cops, also have access to huge data-bases, using AI to tell cops, who, they think maybe, trouble and who to arrest , derived and simultaneously calculated, running algroriths and databases, sold by silicon valley,  palantine,  and all the other personal information users.

      Even local agencies, can refuse foia requests, on the things they keep on people, based on national security according to the Patriot act.

      The nsa, cia, fbi, dea dhs concurently runs AI profiling for enemies of the state now embellished by the vicious whims of Donald Trump. It feeds off the other two databases, that say who gets shelter , who gets medical attention, who get's insurance, who get's to drive, who goes into the system, who goes to college and where. There are cameras and license plate-scanners, face recognizing technology everywhere in our society now. Data, may soon be used to determine who gets snatched off the street, under, the Neo-fascist Trump. Out personal data  maybe used, to determine, How big your fines are. Who does time.

      So many get in our in-justice system based on frivolous crimes with harsh consequences. Now it is skewed with economic status, race but, it is going further than we could have ever imagined.

      And you wondered why 5g, with all those satellites that are making the coup-king elon Musk more rich, are so important.
      There are so many satellites being launched by Musk, and his ilk, their satellites are slamming our nuclear mistakes and bumping a multitude, of nuclear space junk into our atmosphere.

      The last great neo-liberal, wet-dream. It is an unsustainable, march to oblivion. It demand's a nuclear arms space race and more nuclear weapons,   to perpetuate space technology The nuclear war-mongers demand it, as well as, More nuclear reactors. Progress marching on! More Money, Money, money for the Politicians, The Military-Industrial Complex. Nasa, space conquest! Killer satellites under the fake-benevolent umbrella of colonizing the barren cosmic ray, infested Mars.
      The drum's beats, go on.


      Last Dance

      Delete
  9. Seems like we lost TEPCO live cameras now. They have been down for two days.

    ReplyDelete

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