Monday, August 24, 2020

Covid-19 Reinfection or Reactivation?

 


Work by researchers in Hong Kong finds that reinfection may be possible in rare cases. (2020, August 24). The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/24/world/covid-19-coronavirus.html#link-4b468050


REACTIVATION OR RE-INFECTION

• Galanti M, Shaman J. (2020) Direct Observation of Repeated Infections With Endemic Coronaviruses [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 7]. J Infect Dis. 2020;jiaa392. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa392

• Huang, J. et al., (2020). Recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity in COVID-19 patients: a single center experience and potential implications. medRxiv 2020.05.06.20089573; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.20089573 This article is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed

• Roe, K. (2020). Explanation for COVID‐19 infection neurological damage and reactivations. Transbound Emerg Dis. doi:10.1111/tbed.13594

· Kirkcaldy RD, King BA, Brooks JT. (2020). COVID-19 and Postinfection Immunity: Limited Evidence, Many Remaining Questions. JAMA. Published online May 11, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.7869

· Long, Q., Tang, X., Shi, Q. et al. (2020). Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat Med. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0965-6

RECOVERY? SEQUELAE & POST-VIRAL SYNDROME - Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)-like illness

• Davido, B., Seang, S., Tubiana, R., & de Truchis, P. (2020). Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a post-infectious entity? Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, S1198-743X(20)30436-5.

• Perrin, R., Riste, L., Hann, M., Walther, A., Mukherjee, A., & Heald, A. (2020). Into the looking glass: Post-viral syndrome post COVID-19. Medical Hypotheses, 144, 110055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110055 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7320866/pdf/main.pdf

• Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F, (2020). Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19. JAMA. Published online July 09, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12603

• Geddes L. (2020). The enduring grip of covid-19. New Scientist (1971), 246(3288), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(20)31141-6

LASTING IMMUNOLOGICAL IMPACTS

· Zheng, M., Gao, Y., Wang, G. et al. (2020). Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients. Cell Mol Immunol 17, 533–535. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0402-2

· Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I, (2020). Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(7):834-847. doi:10.1002/ajh.25829

o COVID-19 is a systemic infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis. Lymphopenia may be considered as a cardinal laboratory finding, with prognostic potential.

HEART DAMAGE


• Puntmann VO, Carerj ML, Wieters I, et al. (2020). Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. Published online July 27, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3557

• Zachary D Demertzis, Carina Dagher, Kelly M Malette, Raef A Fadel, Patrick B Bradley, Indira Brar, Bobak T Rabbani, Geehan Suleyman (2020). Cardiac sequelae of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical case series. European Heart Journal - Case Reports, , ytaa179, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa179

• Lindner D, Fitzek A, Bräuninger H, et al. (2020). Association of Cardiac Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in Confirmed COVID-19 Autopsy Cases. JAMA Cardiol. Published online July 27, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3551

NEUROLOGY

· Wu, Y., Xu, X., Chen, Z., Duan, J., Hashimoto, K., Yang, L., Liu, C., & Yang, C. (2020). Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031

oViral infections have detrimental impacts on neurological functions, and even to cause severe neurological damage. Very recently, coronaviruses (CoV), especially severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibit neurotropic properties and may also cause neurological diseases. It is reported that CoV can be found in the brain or cerebrospinal fluid. The pathobiology of these neuroinvasive viruses is still incompletely known, and it is therefore important to explore the impact of CoV infections on the nervous system. Here, we review the research into neurological complications in CoV infections and the possible mechanisms of damage to the nervous system.

· Koralnik, I.J. & Tyler, K.L. (2020), COVID ‐19: A Global Threat to the Nervous System. Ann Neurol, 88: 1-11. doi:10.1002/ana.25807

o …we now understand that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) also involves multiple other organs, including the central and peripheral nervous system. The number of recognized neurologic manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is rapidly accumulating. These may result from a variety of mechanisms, including virus‐induced hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable states, direct virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS), and postinfectious immune mediated processes. Example of COVID‐19 CNS disease include encephalopathy, encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, meningitis, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, venous sinus thrombosis, and endothelialitis. In the peripheral nervous system, COVID‐19 is associated with dysfunction of smell and taste, muscle injury, the Guillain‐Barre syndrome, and its variants. Due to its worldwide distribution and multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms, COVID‐19 poses a global threat to the entire nervous system. COVID‐19. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1–11 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1–11

13 comments:

  1. The smoke fro the wildfires across the usa will only make the covid crisis worse because smoke inflames the lungs and makes them much more vulnerable to covid. if u are not wearing a mask now u should get 10 or 20 for the wildfire smoke in the west and across the country https://mobile.twitter.com/joejoezz/status/1296869022403710976

    Pyrophoric radionuclide, Hyrocarbon residue, climate change wildfires and smoke across the usa

    ReplyDelete
  2. CORONA VIRUS PRESENTING AS STROKE
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159120306851
    Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
    Volume 87, July 2020, Pages 115-119
    COVID-19 presenting as stroke
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.07
    Acute stroke is a medical emergency event during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    About 5.7% of patients with COVID-19 develop late cerebrovascular disease.
    We report a series of four patients that presented with acute ischemic stroke

    ReplyDelete
  3. Stock and the boogaloo boys, proud boys should eat better and get physically fit naturally. Those anabolic steroids, cause irrational-aggression, sleurosis, encephalopathy and psychosis.

    Anabolic ateroids, eat the liver, brain, thyroid and adrenals from the inside out. Try non-fertilizer, non-petrochemical and non-insecticide laden wild yams with good greens and high protein nuts. Natural probiotic food. You will not be so crazy,violent, authoritarian delusional and mean It will do your body a world of good. The opposite of what herr trump preaches to his rabid, rape the earth troglodytes.

    ReplyDelete
  4. The nucleoape countries are all environmental and nuclear criminals. The chinese may not have as many nuke weapons as the Russians and USA but, they are working with the russians, french, usa, and israel to build Nuke reactors and uranium processing facilities in the United Emirates and Saudi Arabia. The russians and Rosatem are pawning off dungerous uncontained, nuclear reactors in belarus and other countries. Nuclear empirialism and usery on a grand scale. No ethics or morality. Money, greed and nihilism. Those nuke ape countries, are also the largest arms dealers and worst war pigs in the world.

    ReplyDelete
  5. GOP con

    Does Pence realize that "thin blue line" refers to the police omertà code of "law enforcement officials not enforcing the law against dirty, and even killer, cops?" twitter.com/Mike_Pence/sta…
    As Pence yawls about the "thin blue line" (cops who refuse to rat out dirty cops), Jacob Blake fights for his life after being shot in the back 7 times for breaking up a fight between two women..

    NSJC
    In 1920 there were 925,710 black farmers in the United States. There were less than 18,000 black farmers in the year 2000. Hitting the catastrophic level of 98 percent decline in the twentieth century.

    IC
    Before people start yelling about hypocrisy, I would just point out one Falwell consistency: He wants the people he watches have sex with his wife AND the politicians he supports to be businessmen. reuters.com/investigates/s…

    Seven shots in the back. Seven shots. Seven. In the back. For breaking up a fight. I'm undone. Shot in front of his children. I'm undone. As JacobBlake fights for his life, his kids are fighting off their trauma. I'm undone.
    View details ·   

    StS
    President Pussygrab shakes the (hopefully clean) hand of the man who allegedly jacked off in a corner for years while watching a pool boy have sex his wife, as he became the GOP's "thought leader" on how gay couples are destroying marriage.

    Then there is the nasty affair of Clinton and trump procurring underage girls from Ghislaine Maxwell and The Late Jeffrey Epstein

    UB GOP Con

    It’s all about the theater Audience. Part of the audience will see him as unhinged and unstable and be frightened about it. Manufacturing Consent leading to manufactured Chaos. Leading to More authoritarianism

    ReplyDelete
  6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352464220301759
    Emergence of Kawasaki disease related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in an epicentre of the French COVID-19 epidemic: a time-series analysis

    Naim Ouldali, Marie Pouletty, Patricia Mariani, Constance Beyler, Audrey Blachier, Stephane Bonacorsi, Kostas Danis, Maryline Chomton, Laure Maurice, Fleur Le Bourgeois, Marion Caseris, Jean Gaschignard, Julie Poline, Robert Cohen, Luigi Titomanlio, Albert Faye, Isabelle Melki, Ulrich Meinzer
    The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2020
    Background

    Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile systemic childhood vasculitis, which is suspected to be triggered by respiratory viral infections. We aimed to examine whether the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with an increase in the incidence of Kawasaki disease.
    Methods

    We did a quasi-experimental interrupted time series analysis over the past 15 years in a tertiary paediatric centre in the Paris region, a French epicentre of the COVID-19 outbreak.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. www.wsj.com/amp/articles/schools-are-reopening-then-quickly-closing-due-to-coronavirus-outbreaks-11597700886

      U.S. EDUCATION
      Schools Are Reopening, Then Quickly Closing Due to Coronavirus Outbreaks
      Campuses are shutting down in-person learning indefinitely or for a couple of days to deep clean buildings

      Students in the Avon Community School Corporation in Indiana returned to in-person classes July 29.
      Students in the Avon Community School Corporation in Indiana returned to in-person classes July 29.
      PHOTO: DOUG MCSCHOOLER/THE INDIANAPOLIS STAR/ASSOCIATED PRESS

      By Tawnell D. Hobbs
      Aug. 17, 2020 5:48 pm ET
      A growing number of schools nationwide are closing temporarily or longer term just days after reopening as the coronavirus pandemic threatens to upend another school year.

      Schools in several states, including Indiana, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Georgia, closed to in-person learning this month after students and staffers tested positive for Covid-19, the illness caused by the new coronavirus, sending thousands into quarantine and remote learning. Several superintendents working to reopen schools also have tested positive, and at least one has died.

      The campuses are shutting down to in-person learning indefinitely or for a couple of days for deep cleaning.

      “Stay at home if you’re sick,” said Tim Hensley, spokesman at Hamilton County Schools in Chattanooga, Tenn., where four school buildings were temporarily closed after reopening last week. “We found in a couple of our cases, people had actually even gone in to be tested but came to school anyway.”

      The Hamilton County district is tracking statistics on employee cases and plans to do the same for students starting this week. As of Aug. 17, the district reported 13 active cases of employees testing positive for Covid-19, 35 having contact with someone with the virus and tests pending for 85 others.
      In Jefferson Parish, La., Discovery Schools charter network is closing all four of its campuses to in-person learning until Sept. 11 because of coronavirus cases. The charter system of about 2,400 students will move to only remote learning starting Tuesday. In Indiana, Avon Community School Corporation moved students off campus at Avon High School to remote learning after several Covid-19 cases.

      As back-to-school season approaches, districts across the country are grappling with concerns over student and teacher safety. In Quincy, Ill., public schools are using a popular hybrid model to reopen. WSJ’s Doug Belkin visited the school days before students are set to arrive.

      Some districts that planned to reopen for in-person learning are closing schools after returning staffers tested positive for the virus in the days before buildings opened to students.

      Darron Arlt, superintendent of Plainview Public Schools in Nebraska, announced at an emergency board meeting Aug. 12 that he had tested positive for Covid-19. School was to start the next day but it has been pushed back to around Aug. 27 because he came in contact with other employees.

      “Six teachers and two administrators were deemed to be ‘close contacts’ and therefore required to quarantine for 14 days,” said Dr. Arlt. “We plan to mandate masks for staff and are still considering the same for students.”
      Many districts are offering families a choice between in-person and remote learning, although some in coronavirus hot spots plan to start the first few weeks online only.

      More than 170,000 people in the U.S. have died as a result of the virus, and more than 5.4 million have been infected, data compiled by Johns Hopkins University show.

      David Freeman, superintendent for about a year in Flour Bluff Independent School District in Texas, died Aug. 5 at age 46 after battling health issues, including Covid-19.

      Delete
  7. A small Native American school in Oklahoma opened in August. The school was closed 5 days later, with half a class, 11 students, tested positive for covid.

    ReplyDelete
  8. People want more out of this particular epidemic than it has to give. There is a certain excitement and adventure surrounding any crisis. No one seems to want to hear that the epidemic is nearly over, that the majority of the people have nothing to fear, etc.

    But at some point it will be exhausted of all its treasures.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. You where exhuasted of many things long ago. Never born with anything that could be called treasures.

      Delete
    2. Corporate criminals and pollution

      https://www.opednews.com/articles/4/How-Corporate-Tyranny-Work-by-Chris-Hedges-Amazon_Chevron_Corporate-Corruption-Crime_Corporate-Journalism-200825-401.html

      Delete
  9. THEY ARE NOT VIGILANTES THEY ARE NOT MILITIA MEMBERS. THEY ARE FROM THE FRONT ROWS OF PSYCHOTIC DONALD TRUMP RALLYS. THEY ARE COLD BLOODED MURDERER'S! THEY ARE WHIT SUPREMACIST TERRORIST'S!


    https://www.buzzfeednews.com/amphtml/ellievhall/kenosha-suspect-kyle-rittenhouse-trump-rally

    The Kenosha Shooting Suspect Was In The Front Row Of A Trump Rally In January
    Kyle Rittenhouse’s social media is filled with references to “Blue Lives Matter.” A Trump campaign spokesperson said, "This individual had nothing to do with our campaign."
    By Ellie Hall and Amber Jamieson and Tasneem Nashrulla and Kadia Goba
    Updated on August 26, 2020, at 8:16 p.m. ET
    Posted on August 26, 2020, at 5:53 p.m. ET
    Trump speaks behind a lectern at a rally; a white circle focuses on a boy in the front row of the audience
    CSPAN
    Kyle Rittenhouse (circled) can be seen wearing a white hat in the front row of a Trump rally in Des Moines, Iowa, Jan. 30.
    The law enforcement–obsessed 17-year-old who was charged with shooting and killing two people and injuring another in Kenosha, Wisconsin, during protests for Jacob Blake appeared in the front row at a Donald Trump rally in January.

    Kyle Howard Rittenhouse’s social media presence is filled with him posing with weapons, posting “Blue Lives Matter,” and supporting Trump for president. Footage from the Des Moines, Iowa, rally on Jan. 30 shows Rittenhouse feet away from the president, in the front row, to the left of the podium. He posted a TikTok video from the event.

    ReplyDelete
  10. When Trump says "America will never become a socialist country," remember: his New York real estate empire would be worth nothing without $885 million in government grants, subsidies and tax breaks. Trump l-o-v-e-s corporate socialism for himself, rugged capitalism for the rest.

    ReplyDelete

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